What Is Freon (R-22) and How Does It Work?
Freon, commonly known by its chemical name R-22, is a refrigerant that has been widely used in air conditioning systems and refrigeration units for decades. It belongs to a class of chemicals called hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which were once favored for their efficiency in cooling and relatively low toxicity. Essentially, Freon acts as the working fluid inside your AC unit, absorbing heat from inside your home and releasing it outside, thus cooling your living space.
In an air conditioning system, R-22 circulates through coils and compressors, transitioning between liquid and gas states. When it evaporates inside the indoor coil, it absorbs heat from the air, cooling it down. The refrigerant then travels to the outdoor coil, where it releases the absorbed heat into the atmosphere as it condenses back into a liquid. This continuous cycle is what keeps your home comfortable during hot weather.
Despite its effectiveness, Freon (R-22) has a significant environmental downside, which has led to its gradual phaseout. The production of R-22 has been restricted under the Montreal Protocol due to its ozone-depleting properties, which have raised concerns about its impact on the environment. As a result, many manufacturers have shifted their focus to more environmentally friendly alternatives, such as R-410A and R-32, which have a lower global warming potential. For a complete breakdown of new refrigerants, check out our AC Refrigerant Guide 2025. Homeowners should be aware that while R-22 systems can still be serviced, the cost of Freon has increased significantly due to its scarcity, making it imperative to consider upgrading to a more sustainable system.
Why Freon (R-22) Was Phased Out
The primary reason for phasing out Freon (R-22) lies in its environmental impact. R-22 is an HCFC, which means it contains chlorine atoms that contribute to ozone layer depletion. The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and its degradation has serious consequences for ecosystems and human health.
In response to these environmental concerns, the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty signed in 1987, mandated the gradual reduction and eventual elimination of substances that damage the ozone layer, including R-22. Since then, governments around the world have enforced regulations to phase out the production and import of R-22 refrigerants.
In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began restricting R-22 production in 2010, with a complete ban on new production and importation taking effect in 2020. This phaseout has led to a shift toward more environmentally friendly refrigerants that do not harm the ozone layer and have lower global warming potential. For those still running older systems, this often means weighing the cost of repairs against full AC replacement.
Can You Still Buy Freon in 2025?
As of 2025, the production and import of new Freon (R-22) are banned in many countries, including the United States. However, it is still possible to purchase recycled or reclaimed R-22 refrigerant from certified suppliers. These supplies come from recovered refrigerant that was previously used and then cleaned to meet safety and performance standards.
It’s important to note that because new R-22 is no longer produced, the supply of recycled Freon is limited and often expensive. This scarcity has caused prices to rise significantly compared to previous years. For homeowners with older AC systems that rely on R-22, this means repairs involving refrigerant recharge can be costly.
Additionally, technicians must be certified to handle R-22 due to environmental regulations, which can add to service costs. While you can still buy Freon in 2025, it’s generally recommended to consider alternative refrigerants or system replacements to avoid future issues and expenses. Routine AC maintenance can also help identify refrigerant concerns early before they become costly.
Signs Your AC Is Still Using Freon
Many homeowners are unsure whether their air conditioning system still uses Freon (R-22), especially if the unit is more than a decade old. Identifying this is crucial for understanding repair and replacement options.
One of the simplest ways to check is by looking at the nameplate or label on your outdoor condenser unit. Manufacturers usually list the type of refrigerant used, and if you see “R-22” or “Freon” indicated, your system is still using this older refrigerant. Alternatively, the user manual or service records may provide this information.
Other signs that your AC uses Freon include the age of the system—units installed before 2010 are highly likely to use R-22. Additionally, if your technician mentions R-22 during maintenance or repair visits, that’s a clear indicator. Recognizing these signs early can help you plan for repairs or upgrades before costly breakdowns occur. If you’re unsure, our HVAC Tune-Up Checklist can guide you through what a technician should check during inspections.
Freon Replacement Options for Homeowners
With the phaseout of R-22, homeowners have several options when it comes to replacing or retrofitting their air conditioning systems. The best choice depends on your budget, the condition of your current system, and long-term goals for energy efficiency and environmental impact.
One option is to retrofit your existing AC unit to use alternative refrigerants that are compatible with older systems. Some common replacements include R-407C and R-422D, which have lower ozone depletion potential. However, retrofitting can be complex and may not always be cost-effective, especially if your system is aging or has other mechanical issues.
Another, often more sustainable option is to replace your entire air conditioning system with a modern unit designed to use environmentally friendly refrigerants like R-410A or newer blends with even lower global warming potential. These newer systems tend to be more energy-efficient, which can reduce your utility bills and carbon footprint over time. For a full overview of costs and benefits, visit our 2025 Refrigerant Guide.
Freon Costs in 2025 (Repair vs Replacement)
The cost of dealing with Freon (R-22) in 2025 varies widely depending on whether you opt for repairs or a full system replacement. Because R-22 is no longer produced, the price for this refrigerant has increased substantially, sometimes costing $100 or more per pound. Since most AC systems require several pounds for a full recharge, repair costs can quickly add up.
For minor leaks or small refrigerant top-offs, homeowners might spend several hundred dollars. However, if your system has a major leak or other significant issues, the cost of repairs combined with expensive refrigerant can approach or exceed the price of a new system.
Replacing your air conditioner with a modern, R-410A-based system typically ranges from $3,500 to $7,500, depending on the size of your home and the efficiency rating of the unit. While this upfront cost is higher, new systems offer improved energy efficiency, lower maintenance costs, and peace of mind knowing you’re using an environmentally responsible refrigerant.
Ultimately, the decision between repair and replacement should consider both immediate costs and long-term benefits. In many cases, investing in a new system is more cost-effective over time, especially if your current AC unit is over 10-15 years old. Our AC replacement services can help you explore the right upgrade for your home.
FAQs on Freon and R-22 in 2025
Q: Is it illegal to use Freon (R-22) in 2025?
A: It is not illegal to use existing R-22 refrigerant in your AC system, but the production and import of new R-22 are banned. Only recycled or reclaimed R-22 can be used, and handling it requires certified technicians.
Q: Can I switch my existing AC system from R-22 to a newer refrigerant?
A: Some systems can be retrofitted to use alternative refrigerants, but this depends on the make and model. Retrofitting may require component changes and professional evaluation.
Q: How long can I expect my R-22 AC system to last?
A: With proper maintenance, an R-22 system can last 10-20 years. However, as refrigerant supplies dwindle and parts wear out, repairs may become more expensive and less practical.
Q: Are newer refrigerants better for the environment?
A: Yes. New refrigerants like R-410A and others have zero ozone depletion potential and lower global warming potential compared to R-22, making them more environmentally friendly. For more comparisons, review our AC Refrigerant Guide 2025.
Final Thoughts & Call to Action
Understanding what Freon (R-22) is and the implications of its phaseout is essential for homeowners with older air conditioning systems. While it’s still possible to buy recycled R-22 refrigerant in 2025, the rising costs and environmental concerns make it a less viable long-term solution.
Homeowners are encouraged to assess their current AC systems, identify whether they still use R-22, and explore options for repair or replacement. Investing in a modern, environmentally friendly air conditioning system can provide better efficiency, lower operating costs, and peace of mind for years to come.
If your AC unit is over a decade old or showing signs of trouble, consider scheduling an inspection with a licensed HVAC professional. They can help you understand your options and develop a plan that fits your budget and environmental values. Taking action now can save you money and headaches in the future while contributing to a healthier planet.
Ready for an Eco-Friendly AC Upgrade?
Don’t let the phaseout of R-22 leave you sweating over high costs and environmental concerns. The Cooling Company is here to guide you through a seamless transition to a modern, energy-efficient air conditioning system. Our certified technicians in Las Vegas are committed to ensuring your comfort with quick, reliable, and eco-friendly HVAC solutions. Schedule a Service with us today and take the first step towards a cooler, greener home or business.
